ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated. Bacterial species prevalence and their resistance profile were analyzed and compared by sex and age. For Gram-negative fermenting bacteria, resistance rates were compared between patients with previous hospitalization and the total of infections caused by this group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was performed, using Fisher’s exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting p ≤ 0.05). A multivariate analysis was applied to assess the effect of the studied variables in predicting multidrug resistance. Infections were more prevalent in women and older adults. Gram-negative bacteria represented 90.44% of total cultures. In both sexes, E. coli prevalence was significantly higher in adults compared with older adults (p < 0.0001). For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the older adults compared with other ages and in patients with Gram-negative fermenting infections and previous hospitalization compared with the total of infections by this group of bacteria. The closer to the hospitalization, the higher the number of antibiotics with superior resistance rates. Resistance rates for aminoglycosides, carbapenems, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin+tazobactam, and fosfomycin were less than 20%, considered adequate for empirical treatment. Only hospitalization in the previous 90 days was statistically significant in predicting infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

ABSTRACT During the state of immune vulnerability in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the patient has an increased risk of developing a vast number of complications, including severe problems in the oral cavity. These situations require professional oral care to act in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions, as well as to develop prevention protocols to minimize patient's complications. Oral mucositis, opportunistic infections, bleeding, specific microbiota, taste, and salivary alterations are complications that can occur during HSCT and interfere with various aspects, such as pain control, oral intake, nutrition, bacteremia and sepsis, days of hospitalization and morbidity. Several guidelines have been published to address the role of professional oral care during the HSCT, we describe a consensus regarding these recommendations.

Resumo Foram analisadas as características dos estudos na literatura científica que abordam o tema “Apelidação na adolescência”. A metodologia envolveu a realização de uma revisão de escopo, que seguiu as diretrizes do PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyse - Extension for Scoping Reviews). De 297 trabalhos encontrados, 23 compuseram a seleção final. Poucos foram os estudos cujos objetivos envolviam o termo “apelido”, sinônimos ou derivados. Constatou-se que a tendência das publicações tem sido abordar a temática da apelidação em sua dimensão pejorativa, dentro do bullying e/ou enquanto xingamento, e especificamente associada a questões de gênero e orientação sexual. Quase todos os estudos (21) foram realizados no contexto escolar. Além disto, observou-se uma predominância de estudos de abordagem quantitativa e de delineamento transversal. Diante da escassez da literatura e da influência que o fenômeno da apelidação pode exercer nas relações sociais e na construção identitária do adolescente, considera-se fundamental que sejam realizadas mais pesquisas a respeito da temática, sem que os apelidos sejam limitados à forma pejorativa. Destaca-se, além disso, a importância de serem realizados estudos com outros tipos de desenhos, de modo que possa ser dada abertura para os adolescentes adentrarem em aspectos mais subjetivos a respeito do tema.

Abstract They were analyzed characteristics of studies in the scientific literature that address the theme "Nicknaming in adolescence". The methodology involved a scoping review, which followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyze - Extension for Scoping Reviews). From the 297 works found, 23 made up the final selection. Few were the studies which objective involved the term “nickname”, synonyms or derivatives. It was found that the tendency of publications has been to address the theme of nickname in its pejorative dimension, within bullying and / or as name calling, and specifically associated with issues of gender and sexual orientation. Almost all studies (21) were carried out in the school context. In addition, there was a predominance of studies with a quantitative approach and cross-sectional design. Given the scarcity of literature and the influence that the phenomenon of nicknaming can apply to social relations and the construction of identity of adolescents, it is considered essential that more researchs be produced on the subject, without restrict the nicknames in your pejorative way. In addition, the importance of carrying out studies with other types of designs is highlighted, so that adolescents can be given an opening to delve into more subjective aspects of the subject.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presents a poor prognosis in adults. The adoption of pediatric protocols has been changing this scenario, especially for adolescents and young adults (AYA). Objective and method: We aimed to evaluate a consecutive series of patients treated at the State Institute of Hematology of Rio de Janeiro between 2012 and 2020, focusing on the AYA subgroup. Result: The B-ALL was the most frequent subtype (81.6%) and AYA, the predominant age group (57.7%). The median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 months. High early mortality was observed and sepsis was the main cause of death. Better OS results were noted in AYA, in comparison to over 39y (13.3 × 6.2 months, respectively), the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) being the protocol of choice in this group. Conclusion: The use of the pediatric protocol seems to improve the OS of AYA, however, high rates of deaths from infection were observed, demonstrating the need for advances in the Brazilian public system clinical support.

Abstract Introduction: Guidelines state that ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms should be treated shortly after the diagnosis and ideally within 90 minutes. The main aim of this study is to assess the referral pattern of our centre regarding the intervals between the diagnosis of ruptured AAA and the surgical repair, considering the geographical referral areas of our hospital. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective cohort study from a single centre. The study population included all patients with the diagnosis of symptomatic or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm referred to Centro Hospitalar e Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN) between 2012 and 2021. The moment of diagnosis was assumed to be the time of the CT angiography and the moment of treatment was assumed as the time of entering the operating room (OR). Results: During the study period a total of 150 patients (90.7% men, mean age 78.3, SD 8.7) were treated. Of these, 86% presented as ruptured aneurysms while 14% presented as symptomatic aneurysms. The median time between the diagnosis and the initiation of surgical treatment was 150 (+/- 132) minutes. Only 22% of patients were treated within 90 minutes of diagnosis and this remained unchanged throughout the study period. No statistically significant difference was observed between the median time intervals registered for survivors and deceased patients at 24 hours (p = 0.907), 48 hours (p = 0.743) and 30 days (p = 0.605) post-surgery. Conclusion: In our study, only 22% of patients with ruptured or symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms are treated within the recommended time frame. Although there is no significant impact on mortality, the authors recognize unavailability of information regarding patients that died before arrival to our hospital as a relevant limitation.

Abstract Introduction: Guidelines state that ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms should be treated shortly after the diagnosis and ideally within 90 minutes. The main aim of this study is to assess the referral pattern of our centre regarding the intervals between the diagnosis of ruptured AAA and the surgical repair, considering the geographical referral areas of our hospital. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective cohort study from a single centre. The study population included all patients with the diagnosis of symptomatic or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm referred to Centro Hospitalar e Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN) between 2012 and 2021. The moment of diagnosis was assumed to be the time of the CT angiography and the moment of treatment was assumed as the time of entering the operating room (OR). Results: During the study period a total of 150 patients (90.7% men, mean age 78.3, SD 8.7) were treated. Of these, 86% presented as ruptured aneurysms while 14% presented as symptomatic aneurysms. The median time between the diagnosis and the initiation of surgical treatment was 150 (+/- 132) minutes. Only 22% of patients were treated within 90 minutes of diagnosis and this remained unchanged throughout the study period. No statistically significant difference was observed between the median time intervals registered for survivors and deceased patients at 24 hours (p = 0.907), 48 hours (p = 0.743) and 30 days (p = 0.605) post-surgery. Conclusion: In our study, only 22% of patients with ruptured or symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms are treated within the recommended time frame. Although there is no significant impact on mortality, the authors recognize unavailability of information regarding patients that died before arrival to our hospital as a relevant limitation.

Resumo Neste artigo, aprofunda-se a discussão crítica às políticas adotadas pelo governo Bolsonaro em relação à saúde pública, particularmente no que tange ao financiamento em geral, ao enfrentamento da pandemia e ao primeiro ano de implantação do novo modelo de “financiamento” para a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). A análise evidencia o acirramento da legitimidade restrita do regime político, assumida por políticas ultraneoliberais e pelo neofascismo do governo Bolsonaro. Estas formas de dominação - política e econômica - engendram uma conjuntura interna que visa remodelar a acumulação de capital na saúde pública via APS por meio de mecanismos “operacionais” burocráticos sutis de desconstrução da universidade do “financiamento”. Na primeira parte, discute-se a abrangência da crise tripla do capital - sanitária, econômica e ecológica - e sua relação orgânica com o Estado no capitalismo dependente brasileiro, abrindo espaço para o crescimento da restrição do regime político endossado pela ascensão do neofascismo. Na segunda parte, aborda-se a escalada do desfinanciamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em plena crise de covid-19 e os efeitos da implementação do modelo de financiamento da APS, evidenciando a continuidade do processo de valorização de um “SUS operacional” em detrimento do seu princípio de universalidade como dimensão neofascista do governo Bolsonaro.

Abstract This article deepens the critical discussion about the policies of the Bolsonaro government regarding public health, particularly regarding the general financing, the confrontation of the pandemic, and the first year of implementation of the new financing model for Primary Health Care (PHC). The analysis evidences the aggravation of the restrict legitimacy of the political regime, assumed by ultra-neoliberal policies and by the neofascism of the Bolsonaro government. These forms of domination - political and economic - produce an internal conjuncture that seeks to remodel the capital accumulation in public health by PHC by subtle bureaucratic “operational” mechanisms of deconstruction of financing universality. In the first part, the coverage of the triple crisis of the capital - sanitary, economic and ecological - and its organic relationship to the State in the Brazilian dependent capitalism is discussed, opening space to the increase of the restriction of the political regime endorsed by the ascension of the neofascism. In the second part, the increase of the de-financing of the Unified Health System (SUS) right in the middle of the covid-19 crisis and the effects of the implementation of the financing model of the PHC, evidencing the continuity of the process of valuing an “operational SUS” in detriment of its universality principle as a neofascist dimension of Bolsonaro’s government.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the in-vitro effect of single applications of CPP-ACP pastes and different fluoridated solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Tooth/bracket sets (n=65) were immersed in artificial saliva (1h at 37ºC) and randomly subjected to single applications (100µL; 1min) of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP emulsion), CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACPF emulsion), solutions of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) or sodium fluoride (NaF), or no treatment (CG). Multispecies biofilm (5 x 105 CFU/mL) was formed in the presence of 2% sucrose. After 24 h, the pH and the concentration of total soluble fluoride (TSF) were analyzed by culture medium. The presence of active white spot lesions (WSL) evaluated by macroscopic examination and the percent surface mineral loss (%SML) were analyzed. Also, the topography of enamel was detected by analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was assessed by chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). Results: Fluoride-containing compounds led to a smaller pH reduction than did CPP-ACP and CG (p<0.05). There was difference in TSF between the groups (p<0.05), denoted as TiF4> NaF > CPP-ACPF > CPP-ACP > CG. Regarding the presence of WSL and %SML, the NaF group obtained lower values (p<0.05), while TiF4 and CPP-ACPF were similar (p>0.05). SEM demonstrated that fluoride-free groups had a larger surface dissolution. Conclusion: Fluoridated groups including solutions and CPP-ACPF were more effective than CPP-ACP in reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets after a single application.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar in-vitro o efeito de uma aplicação única de cremes dentais de CPP-ACP e diferentes soluções fluoretadas na prevenção da cárie dentária ao redor de braquetes ortodônticos Material e Métodos: O conjunto dentes/braquetes (n=65) foi imerso em saliva artificial (1h em 37°C) randomizado e submetido a tratamento único (100µL; 1 min) de emulsão de fosfopeptídeo de caseína-fosfato de cálcio amorfo (CPP-ACP) e CPP-ACP associado ao flúor (CPP-ACPF); soluções de tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4) e fluoreto de sódio (NaF); e ausência de tratamento (GC). Biofilmes multiespécie (5 x 105 CFU/mL) foram formados na presença de sacarose a 2%. Após 24h, o pH e a concentração de fluoreto solúvel total (FST) foram analisados pelo meio de cultura. Foram avaliadas a presença de lesões de mancha branca (LMB), por meio da análise de macroscopia visual, e a porcentagem de perda de dureza (%PD). Também foi verificada a topografia do esmalte, usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os dados foram analisados pelos testes Qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney (p < 0,05). Resultados: Os compostos contendo flúor levaram a uma redução do pH menor do que o CPP-ACP e GC (p<0,05). Houve diferença no FST entre os grupos (p <0,05), sendo TiF4> NaF > CPP-ACPF > CPP-ACP > GC. Quanto à presença de LMB e à %PD, o grupo NaF obteve os menores valores (p<0,05), enquanto TiF4 e CPP-ACPF foram semelhantes (p> 0,05). A MEV demonstrou que os grupos sem flúor tiveram uma dissolução superficial maior. Conclusão: Os grupos fluoretados, incluindo soluções e CPP-ACPF, foram mais eficazes do que o CPP-ACP sem flúor na redução da desmineralização do esmalte ao redor dos braquetes ortodônticos após uma única aplicação.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrition of commercial soybean crops in an agricultural frontier region using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) methods, as well as identify sufficiency ranges. The study was performed by collecting leaf samples (third trifoliate leaf without petiole) at flowering from commercial soybean crops in the states of Piauí and Maranhão, Brazil, and evaluating the crop yield by analyzing macro- and micronutrients in the plant tissue of 98 samples. The DRIS and CND methods were applied based on the cataloged data, followed by the generation of norms, analysis of relationships between yield and nutrients (selecting high-yield crops by the cumulative function of the data), generation of sufficiency ranges, and comparison of methods. The relationships obtained by the DRIS and CND indices with the yield and nutrients were significant, indicating that both methods can be employed for the evaluation of leaf nutrients in soybean. The sufficiency ranges from the DRIS and CND methods presented superior nutrient ranges in relation to the values proposed in the literature for macronutrients, except for nitrogen, and greater range amplitudes for micronutrients.

Abstract This article deepens the critical discussion about the policies of the Bolsonaro government regarding public health, particularly regarding the general financing, the confrontation of the pandemic, and the first year of implementation of the new financing model for Primary Health Care (PHC). The analysis evidences the aggravation of the restrict legitimacy of the political regime, assumed by ultra-neoliberal policies and by the neofascism of the Bolsonaro government. These forms of domination - political and economic - produce an internal conjuncture that seeks to remodel the capital accumulation in public health by PHC by subtle bureaucratic “operational” mechanisms of deconstruction of financing universality. In the first part, the coverage of the triple crisis of the capital - sanitary, economic and ecological - and its organic relationship to the State in the Brazilian dependent capitalism is discussed, opening space to the increase of the restriction of the political regime endorsed by the ascension of the neofascism. In the second part, the increase of the de-financing of the Unified Health System (SUS) right in the middle of the covid-19 crisis and the effects of the implementation of the financing model of the PHC, evidencing the continuity of the process of valuing an “operational SUS” in detriment of its universality principle as a neofascist dimension of Bolsonaro’s government.

Resumo Neste artigo, aprofunda-se a discussão crítica às políticas adotadas pelo governo Bolsonaro em relação à saúde pública, particularmente no que tange ao financiamento em geral, ao enfrentamento da pandemia e ao primeiro ano de implantação do novo modelo de “financiamento” para a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). A análise evidencia o acirramento da legitimidade restrita do regime político, assumida por políticas ultraneoliberais e pelo neofascismo do governo Bolsonaro. Estas formas de dominação - política e econômica - engendram uma conjuntura interna que visa remodelar a acumulação de capital na saúde pública via APS por meio de mecanismos “operacionais” burocráticos sutis de desconstrução da universidade do “financiamento”. Na primeira parte, discute-se a abrangência da crise tripla do capital - sanitária, econômica e ecológica - e sua relação orgânica com o Estado no capitalismo dependente brasileiro, abrindo espaço para o crescimento da restrição do regime político endossado pela ascensão do neofascismo. Na segunda parte, aborda-se a escalada do desfinanciamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em plena crise de covid-19 e os efeitos da implementação do modelo de financiamento da APS, evidenciando a continuidade do processo de valorização de um “SUS operacional” em detrimento do seu princípio de universalidade como dimensão neofascista do governo Bolsonaro.

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests that ketamine’s influence on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be involved in its mechanism of rapid antidepressant action. We aimed to evaluate the differential impact of ketamine and esketamine on serum BDNF levels and its association with response patterns in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods Participants (n = 53) are from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the efficacy of single-dose ketamine (0.5mg/kg, n = 27) and esketamine (0.25mg/kg, n = 26) in TRD. Depression severity was assessed before and 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after the intervention, using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Blood samples were collected before infusion, 24 hours, and 7 days afterwards. Results There were no significant changes in BDNF levels at post-infusion evaluation points, and no difference in BDNF levels comparing ketamine and esketamine. Both drugs exhibited similar therapeutic effect. There was no association between BDNF levels and response to treatment or severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusion There was no significant treatment impact on BDNF serum levels – neither with ketamine nor esketamine – despite therapeutic response. These results suggest that ketamine or esketamine intervention for TRD has no impact on BDNF levels measured at 24 hours and 7 days after the infusion. This clinical trial is registered on the Japan Primary Registries Network: UMIN000032355.

Abstract Objectives: to construct and validate educational videos as part of the LISA Down Program – Literacy and Innovation in Health for Adolescents with Down Syndrome. Methods: this is a methodological study of construction and validation of educational videos based on health literacy designed for adolescents with Down syndrome, assisted by an Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE) (Association of Parents and Friends of the Exceptional) located in the Northeast of Brazil. The stages of construction and validation of the vídeos were: pre-production, production and post-production. The storyboards were prepared according to the fundamentals of health literacy and validated by seven expert judges. Subsequently, the storyboards were transformed into videos (production) and these were evaluated by 13 adolescents with Down Syndrome (postproduction). Results: the storyboards totaled 248 scenes, ranging from 39 to 67 scenes each, were approved by the judges with percentages of agreement ranging from 94% to 100%. The vídeos recorded were approved by adolescentes with Down syndrome, in agreement of percentages ranging from 79.17% to 83.33%. Conclusion: the educational vídeos were validated and well evaluated and, therefore, can be used among adolescents in social spaces in which the focus of attention is adolescentes with Down syndrome.

Resumo Objetivos: construir e validar vídeos educativos como parte do Programa LISA Down- Letramento e Inovação em Saúde para Adolescentes com Síndrome de Down. Métodos: trata-se de estudo metodológico de construção e validação de vídeos educativos fundamentados no letramento em saúde arquitetados para adolescentes com síndrome de Down, atendidos por uma Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE), localizada no Nordeste brasileiro. As etapas da construção e validação dos vídeos foram: pré-produção, produção e pósprodução. Os storyboards foram elaborados de acordo com os fundamentos do letramento em saúde e validados por sete juízes especialistas. Na sequência os storyboards foram transformados em vídeos (produção) e estes foram avaliados por 13 adolescentes com Síndrome de Down (pós-produção). Resultados: os storyboards totalizaram 248 cenas, variando de 39 a 67 cenas cada um, foram aprovados pelos juízes com percentuais de concordância que variaram de 94% a 100%. Os vídeos gravados foram aprovados pelos adolescentes com síndrome de Down, com percentuais de concordância que variaram de 79,17% a 83,33%. Conclusão: os vídeos educativos foram validados e bem avaliados e, portanto, podem ser utilizados entre adolescentes em espaços sociais nos quais o foco da atenção sejam os adolescentes com síndrome de Down.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report and discuss the experience of the Circle of Culture in a school space, with attention to the social identity of adolescents. Method: Action research, conducted under the assumptions of the Circle of Culture, from August to December 2019. Participants were 16 adolescents, enrolled in Elementary School, in a state public school, in the rural district of a city of São Paulo. Data collection took place through photographic records, participant observation and field diary. Results: The relations of friendship were the central agenda of the Circles of Culture when dialogues about their structuring and influence on the identity construction were developed. Conclusion: Circles of Culture mediated by health professionals in the school setting have the power to problematize the reality of each adolescent’s life and, simultaneously, dialogue about the common, an aspect that empowers identity projects.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Relatar y discutir la experiencia del Círculo de Cultura en un espacio escolar, con atención a la identidad social de los adolescentes. Método: Investigación-acción, realizada bajo los supuestos del Círculo de Cultura, de agosto a diciembre de 2019. Participaron 16 adolescentes, matriculados en la Enseñanza Fundamental, en una escuela pública, en el distrito rural de una ciudad de São Paulo. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de registros fotográficos, observación participante y diario de campo. Resultados: Las relaciones de amistad fueron catalogadas como la agenda de los Círculos de Cultura, cuando los diálogos de su estructuración e influencia en la construcción identitaria fueron ofrecidos. Conclusión: Los Círculos de Cultura mediados por profesionales de la salud en el ámbito escolar tienen el poder de problematizar la realidad particular de la vida de cada adolescente y, simultáneamente, dialogar sobre lo común, aspecto que potencia para proyectos identitarios.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar e discutir a experiência do Círculo de Cultura em espaço escolar, com atenção a identidade social de adolescentes. Método: Pesquisa-ação, realizada sob pressupostos do Círculo de Cultura, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2019. Participaram 16 adolescentes, matriculados no Ensino Fundamental, em escola pública estadual, do distrito rural de uma cidade do interior paulista. A coleta dos dados deu-se por registros fotográficos, observação participante e diário de campo. Resultados: As relações de amizade foram elencadas como pauta dos Círculos de Cultura, quando foi oportunizado diálogos de seus estruturantes e influência na construção identitária. Conclusão: Círculos de Cultura mediado por profissionais de saúde no cenário escolar tem potência para problematizar a realidade particular da vida de cada adolescente e, simultaneamente dialogar sobre o comum, aspecto que empodera para projetos identitários.

Abstract Objectives: to identify and describe the characteristics of studies that address the promotion of adequate and healthy food in early childhood education units and their repercussions on the school community. Methods: the search and selection were performed according to the PRISMA recommendations in the Medline databases via OVID, EMBASE and LILACS. Data extraction took placeusing a table developed by the authors. The evaluation of the quality of the evidence of the studies was carried out through the risk of bias using an adapted scale. Result: twelve articles that met the eligibility criteria were selected. All studies were applied in public or private educational institutions with a median of 236 participants. In the analysis of food and nutrition education activities, the most adopted with preschoolers were playful; with the parents it was the meetings and counseling; and with the professionals it was the training. The methodological qualification of the studies was considered low, which may be related to their limitations included in this review, mainly due to the types of designs adopted, the time and lack of continuity of interventions and sample size. Conclusion: food and nutrition education activities seem to be a promising strategy in knowledge, adoption of healthy eating practices and transmission of values in the school community.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar e descrever as características de estudos que abordam a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável em unidades de educação infantil e suas repercussões na comunidade escolar. Métodos: a busca e seleção foram realizadas segundo as recomendações do PRISMA nas bases de dados Medline via OVID, EMBASE e LILACS. A extração de dados ocorreu utilizando uma tabela elaborada pelas autoras. A avaliação da qualidade das evidências dos estudos foi realizada por meio do risco de viés utilizando uma escala adaptada. Resultados: foram selecionados 12 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Todos os estudos foram aplicados em instituições de ensino públicas ou privadas com uma mediana de 236 participantes. Na análise das atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional, as mais adotadas com os pré-escolares foram as lúdicas; com os pais foram as reuniões e aconselhamentos; e com os profissionais foram as capacitações. A qualificação metodológica dos estudos foi considerada baixa, podendo estar relacionada às limitações dos próprios estudos incluídos nesta revisão, principalmente pelos tipos de desenhos adotados, o tempo e a falta de continuidade das intervenções e tamanho amostrai. Conclusão: atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional parecem ser uma estratégia promissora na disseminação do conhecimento, adoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis e transmissão de valores na comunidade escolar.

To identify natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) as potential inhibitors of spike (S1) by means of in silico assays. NBCs with previously proven biological in vitro activity were obtained from the ZINC database and analyzed through virtual screening and molecular docking to identify those with higher affinity to the spike protein. Eight machine learning models were used to validate the results: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Gradient Boosted Tree Discriminant Analysis (XGBoostDA), Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogies (SIMCA) and Logistic Regression Discriminate Analysis (LREG). Selected NBCs were submitted to drug-likeness prediction using Lipinski’s and Veber’s rule of five. A prediction of pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicity was also performed (ADMET). Antivirals currently used for COVID-19 (remdesivir and molnupiravir) were used as a comparator. A total of 170,906 compounds were analyzed. Of these, 34 showed greater affinity with the S1 (affinity energy < -7 kcal mol-1). Most of these compounds belonged to the class of coumarins (benzopyrones), presenting a benzene ring fused to a lactone (group of heterosides). The PLS-DA model was able to reproduce the results of the virtual screening and molecular docking (accuracy of 97.0%). Of the 34 compounds, only NBC5 (feselol), NBC14, NBC15 and NBC27 had better results in ADMET predictions. These had similar binding affinity to S1 when compared to remdesivir and molnupirvir. Feselol and three other NBCs were the most promising candidates for treating COVID-19. In vitro and in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings.